The coin was struck from 240 and 229 BC. Its obverse[¹⁰⁸⁴] features the head of Mars wearing Corinthian helmet and chlamys, X is found behind. The reverse[¹¹³⁹] includes the image of an eagle standing on thunderbolt with its wings spread and below there's an inscription stating ROMA.

Detailed information about the coin:

The obverse side of this ancient Roman gold coin illustrates Mars wearing a crested Corinthian helmet along with a chlamys, a short cloak, which at that time had been worn by a warrior. Behind Mars' head one can find a mintmark stating X. It is worth mentioning that Mars was an essential figure in Rome. He was a Roman god and Romans considered him to be the defender of the city and a god who was always by the side of Roman armed forces when these were at war.

The Roman myth states that Romulus, who was the founder of Rome, was in fact the son of the powerful god Mars. The coin's reverse illustrates an eagle that holds in its talons a thunderbolt. It is of note that at that time eagle was Rome's power symbol and the thunderbolt symbolized Jupiter. It was believed that eagle was the one to bear the thunderbolts of Jupiter. Below the image of the eagle there's a legend saying ROMA. Coin's obverse shows Rome as a powerful military force after their victory in the First Punic War.

Silver Didrachm

This coin was struck between 225 and 212 BC. Its obverse features: Laureate Lani-form head of Dioscuri and its reverse includes the image of Jupiter in a quadriga, which is driven by Nike. Jupiter holds in his left hand a spear and in his right hand a thunderbolt. Below there's an inscription ROMA, located within the line border.

Detailed information about the coin:

Such type of silver coin was probably minted during the times when the Romans were getting ready for the invasion by the Gauls. The coin's obverse illustrates Jani-form head of Dioscuri, who were the sons of Jupiter. Both sons are known as Castor and Pollux. Their mother was the wife of Tyndarus, who was the king of Sparta. The Romans organized festivals at which they honored the sons of Jupiter. This is due to the fact that Romans believed Castor and Pollux fought bravely on Roman's side while at Battle of Lake Regillus. The battle is believed to occur during the early years of the Roman Republic.

Romans believed that the two sons were heroes and defenders of Roman people. Coin's reverse features Jupiter, who was the king of gods. Jupiter is illustrated with a spear and a thunderbolt. He is found in a quadriga that is driven by Nike (Victory). It is interesting to mention that quadriga is most often found on Greek coins of Syracuse. This is why it is believed that Romans took the idea of the coin design from the Greeks, who were employed to create these coins.

Quadriga represents a four horse chariot, this being driven by a conqueror during the triumphal parade. The ceremony which was called a triumph was organized to honor a leader of armies who gained victory in a battle. Romans considered Jupiter the conqueror of all things and he was the god honored in the Roman's triumph.

As (Aes Grave) [⁴⁴⁸]

The coin was struck between 222 and 205 BC. Its obverse features the laureate head of bearded Janus. The coin's reverse illustrates a prow of a ship and above there is a legend stating I.

Detailed information about the coin:

The denomination of this coin is also known as "as". It is one from the group of coinage named Aes Grave. Such Roman coins were the first struck before the silver denarius[³²] was established. It is believed that the establishment of the denarius occurred before the Punic Wars, which began in 264 BC. Originally the meaning of the word "as" was "totality". It was a denomination worth more than the semis, a coin with almost half the weight of the as.

The coin's obverse depicts the head of Janus, who wears the laurel crown symbolizing the god Apollo. The laurel crown was also a symbol of victory. Romans considered Janus god who founded and started all things. Romans called the first month of the year Januarius and Janus was believed to protect the start of all occupations, these being whether private or public or both. Romans believed that Janus was the first king of Italy and later he was blessed. The reverse of the ancient Roman coin illustrates a ship's prow. This image was quite common for Roman coins of that time. The prow of the ship symbolized the naval power of Rome.

Bronze Coin (AE 24) from Second Punic War

This Roman coin was struck between 220 and 205 BC. Its obverse features the head of Scipio Africanus and its reverse illustrates a horse standing and a palm behind.

Detailed information about the coin:

The probable time when this coin was minted is somewhere during the Second Punic War, which took place in the period between 218 and 201 BC in the city of Cartagonova (New Carthage), which is in Spain. The Roman conquered the city, their army being led by Publius Cornelius Scipio.

This ancient Roman coin's obverse depicts the head of the great Roman general. He was the one to gain victory over the Carthaginians and their leader, general Hasdrubal Barca, who was the one to secure the territory of Spain from the Romans. The roman general, after his victory, looked forward to invade Africa after convincing the Senate to support his venture. He was victorious at the Battle of Zama, were he defeated Hannibal, who was the famous brother of Hasdrubal. After Scipio conquered certain lands from Africa he was named Africanus.

The reverse of the coin shows a horse, symbolizing war and a palm, which symbolized the victories of the Roman general.

Carthaginian Electrum Shekel

This coin was struck between 216 and 215 BC. Its obverse features jani-form head of Persephone, wreathed and its reverse shows Jupiter in quadriga, which is driven by Nike.

Detailed information about the coin:

Carthaginian Electrum Shekel was minted by the Carthaginians when they conquered Capua, a city located in western Italy. This was the time of the Second Punic War. It is known that these coins were issued by the Carthaginians due to their similarities in both metal and weight with coins struck at Carthage at the same time.

The coin's obverse illustrates the wreathed, jani-form head of Persephone. It is worth mentioning that Persephone was the patron god of Carthaginian currency. The reverse of the coin depicts Jupiter in a quadriga that is driven by Nike (Victory). The image symbolizes the military power of the Carthaginians. The quadriga engraved[⁹⁸³] on this coin resembles those found on Roman coins, but it is of poor quality. Therefore, this Carthaginian Electrum Shekel could not have been struck under Roman authority.